Celtis occidentalis

Hackberry

A large, hardy deciduous shade tree known for its rugged adaptability, distinctive corky, warty bark, and strong wildlife value. Leaves are medium green and serrated, turning yellow in fall. Small dark purple-black drupes persist into winter, providing food for birds and other wildlife. Common hackberry thrives in challenging conditions where many trees struggle.

Size: 40–60 ft wide × 50–70 ft tall

Zones: 3a–9b
Light: Full sun to partial shade
Soil: Highly adaptable; tolerates clay, loam, sand, compacted and alkaline soils
Water: Moderate; drought tolerant once established

Suitable Conditions:



Climate: Performs well across a wide climatic range, including cold winters and hot summers



Exposure: Tolerates wind, heat, and urban stress



Soil pH: Adaptable; tolerates alkaline soils



Drainage: Prefers well-drained soils but tolerates occasional wetness



Spacing: Allow ample room for mature canopy spread



Notes:



Shape: Upright to rounded with a broad, arching crown



Excellent urban tolerance (pollution, salt, compaction)



Strong wildlife value—fruit favored by birds



Low-maintenance and durable once established



Leaf galls may appear but are cosmetic only

Plant type

Deciduous Tree, Shade Tree, Street Tree

Height

50-70'

Width

40-60'

Hardiness zones

3–9

Sunlight

Full Sun, Partial Shade

Growth rate

Moderate

Bloom time

Spring

Leaf color

Green

Fall color

Yellow

Landscape use

Provide Shade, Street Tree

Shape

Broad Upright

Bark

Corky

Fruit

Yes

Drought tolerant

No